Media Bias Law And Legal Definition - 976 Words

Beginning with the first printed American newspaper in 1690, citizens have desired knowledge not only of their country’s state of affairs, but also that of the rest of the world (Early American Newspapering, 2003). This first venture into media did not end well: the authors ran afoul of the ruling government and it was shut down a stunningly short four days later. It was not until the end of the 18th century that newspapers became fully established as the source of news in the country (Early American Newspapering, 2003). However, it was not until the 1920’s that the idea of objectivity was applied to journalism in response to â€Å"growing recognition that journalists were full of bias† (The Lost Meaning of ‘Objectivity’, 2003). Bias is a preconceived particular tendency or inclination, and â€Å"media bias† is the exhibition of bias by journalists and producers in the selection of events or information and how they are reported to the public (Media Bias Law and Legal Definition, 2016). Today, the sources for news have expanded from newspaper to include television, radio and now the internet and are used to provide even more information to an even larger base audience. With the influx of multiple sources and avenues to receive news, the need for fair and unbiased reporting is at all-time high. However, perhaps due to flood of information available, many concerned citizens are asking just how biased modern media is and whether it is easy to recognize their bias. Most Americans areShow MoreRelatedGay Families are Still Families Essay1051 Words   |  5 Pagesstates that â€Å"family is a circle of friends that love you†, from a legal standpoint, the word â€Å"family† requires definition. Traditionally, a family has been defined as a married heterosexual couple and their children, but as more and more states are legalizing same-sex marriage, new questions arise. Regardless of ones position about whether gay marriage should be legal, it is clear that the definition of family is changing and the legal system will need to address these changes. Whether it is determiningRead MoreMedia And Its Impact On Society Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesMedia can be defined as â€Å"the means of communication as radio and television, newspapers, magazines, and the Internet, that reach or influence people widely† and is fully ingrained into our society. In fact, according to Nielsen’s Total Audience Report, during the 1st Quarter of 2016, American adults consumed media at a daily average of 10 hours and 39 minutes. Media not only entertains us and serves as an important agent of communication, but also plays a crucial role in the socialization of culturalRead MoreThe Rules Of A Dog1131 Words   |  5 Pagesto limit dog attacks. This seems to be the quick fix. (1) These laws address breed discriminating laws.The American Pitt Bull Terrier, English Bull Terrier, Bulldogs, Rottweilers, Ch ows, Dobermans, and German Shepards all have fell victim to these absurd laws and regulations. So many dogs have been ripped away from their lives and families. These dogs are removed and killed senselessly. There is no compelling evidence these laws even work. They address expense to enforce and upkeep. There are noRead MoreThe Effects Of Jurors Consulting The Internet And Social Media1620 Words   |  7 PagesTechnologies such as mobile phones – combined with search engines, blogs and social media, namely Twitter and Facebook –have become widespread. The effect of these types of technologies has become apparent in the courtroom and poses many new litigation challenges, ultimately impeding the administration of justice. This essay will be examining the effects of jurors’ consulting the internet and social media, assessing the current law and procedure on juror misconduct and highlighting the possible solutionsRead MoreHate Crimes And The Response Of Law Enfo rcement Officers Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagesin an attempt to describe crimes against someone based on their race or religion. These crimes were motivated, at least in part and sometimes in entirety, by bias against African Americans and Jews. Since that time, the term has expanded to include illegal acts against a person, organization, and their property based on the criminal’s bias against the victim’s minority class. These minority classes include race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, disability, or gender reassignment. TheseRead MoreCitizen, By Claudia Rankine Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesKeywords: â€Å"Citizenship†, White Like Me and Cops See it Differently it can be proven that racial bias deprives full Black American citizens of â€Å"citizenship† within everyday society. By exploring the true understanding of Rankine’s book we have to begin with understanding the title in connection with the content. Normally when one defines the term â€Å"citizen† it takes on a very political definition referring to the legal rights one is granted on being a part of a society. If one is a citizen of the United StatesRead MorePolice Misconduct And Its Effects Essay1345 Words   |  6 Pagesabuse of lethal or nonlethal force at the hands of law enforcement. Police misconduct is defined by the Cato Institute as: â€Å"any action performed by a law enforcement officer that is unethical, against established employment guidelines, unconstitutional, or criminal in nature.† (Packman, 2009) Police misconduct has been an unresolved issue for generations, but in the recent few years it has received an uptick in coverage by scholars, mainstream media, and certain demographics that may not have beenRead MoreGender Identification : An Exploration Of The T ransgender Group1625 Words   |  7 Pagessexual identity, those who identify as transgender are forced to conform to the cultural norms of society or choose not to openly portray their gender expression. Although the media and the LGBT community has played a major role in raising awareness about transgender people, legislation and politics reflect inequality and bias. Assigning gender roles in a society leads to individuals not having equal rights and becoming victims of public humiliation. This paper will explore people who identify as transgenderRead MoreLegal Issues Associated By Clinical Psychology Essay1352 Words   |  6 Pagesprofessor Date of submission 1. Legal issues associated in clinical psychology In clinical psychology, several legal issues do exist, and clinical psychologists must adhere to such legal standards. Two common legal issues are maintaining confidentiality and obtaining written informed consent. In regard to the maintenance of confidentiality, the clinical psychologists must never disclose the records of any patient or client unless required by law. This is a significant concern in clinicalRead MoreLife Liberty and the Pursuit of Same Sex Marriage Though the United States in modern times has1200 Words   |  5 Pagesbigotry or bias is frowned upon and scorned, and though we live in a country that was founded upon the principle of equality, gay and lesbian Americans today still struggle for acceptance, and to be allowed in all fifty states to legally marry their partner. While this nation has fought bigotry and bias for many years, the same sex marriage issue came into focus in the late 1960s, and has grown in fervor and ferocity every decade since then. Today there is still no unified federal law or policy in

How Does Edgar Allan Poe Shape His Writing Style - 996 Words

Edgar Allen Poe is a recognized American writer of short stories, poems, and a few books. He lived in the era of westward expansion, slavery laws beginning to become an issue, and most influential to Poe, Tuberculosis was a major issue. There was not yet a cure for people with TB, in fact, there wouldn’t be a known cure for another 100 years after his life. He lost many people during his life, his father left before Poe was 3 years old, his mother died from TB when Edgar was three. He was forced into a foster home, but stories tell that his foster father did not like him so he struggled to find the support he needed both as a child and as a broke college student. He married, although many myths state that Poe was a drunkard and incapable†¦show more content†¦Irony is another literary element that illustrates Poe’s macabre writing style. One example of ironic foreshadowing is present when Montresor, the narrator of â€Å"Cask of Amontillado†, states his f amily motto,â€Å"Nobody attacks me without punishment† (237). The reader learns that he feels another character, Fortunato, has immensely insulted him. While the men were on their way down to the cellar Fortunato is coughing and declares his cough would not kill him. Montresor replies â€Å"True - True† as if he knows what would kill Fortunato. These particular lines outline that Montresor may be doing something suspicious if he is leading Fortunato far away from everyone down to where no one would find them. And in the end, Fortunato died out of his greed to taste the Amontillado, as Montresor has planned. Another example of irony is present when Poe writes, â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death,† specifically, â€Å"precautions the courtiers might bid defiance to contagion.† (1) Similarly, these characters wanted to have it all, and it ultimately leads to their death. In this story, they were dancing with death, and in Poe’s stories, death always wi ns. An additional similarity between the short stories â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† and â€Å"Cask of Amontillado,† is the characters’ names are modeled after good traits lack that trait by dying in the end; this happens to both Fortunato and Prince Prospero.Show MoreRelatedEdgar Allen Poe: Writing Style1259 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allen Poe: Writing Style The short story writer which I have chosen to research is Edgar Allen Poe. After reading one of his works in class, I realized that his mysterious style of writing greatly appealed to me. Although many critics have different views on Poe s writing style, I think that Harold Bloom summed it up best when he said, Poe has an uncanny talent for exposing our common nightmares and hysteria lurking beneath our carefully structured lives. ( 7) For me, this is doneRead MoreThe Masque of the Red Death vs. the Cask of Amontillado1564 Words   |  7 PagesAmontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe are somewhat different. The major themes of these stories differ significantly, as does the emphasis placed on each character which dealt more to The Cask of Amontillado† than to â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† Regardless of this, the stories are similar in many ways. For instance, both belong to the literacy of the gothic genre, it shared a small theme, and the characters shared a lot of the same characteristics. Poe known as a great writer how was his overall literaryRead MoreComparing Fall of the House of Usher and The Cask of Amontillado1299 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Compare Contrast Edgar Allan Poe Short Stories Introduction The Fall of the House of Usher and The Cask of Amontillado are two of Edgar Allan Poes most well-known and noteworthy stories. This paper compares and contrasts the two stories and provides and outline as well. The Fall of the House of Usher is based on terror just as The Cask of Amontillado (hereafter called Cask) is based on terror but there are many different components that Poe uses that contrast with the Cask, andRead More Edgar Allan Poe and the American Mind Essay example1854 Words   |  8 PagesAmerican conscience, such that the nation appeared ostensibly promising on the surface, and yet remained ravaged by storms of contradiction underneath. Perhaps inspired by this internal struggle between delusion and truth, illusion and actuality, Edgar Allan Poe penned numerous stories that sought to explore the nature of the human mind in conflict with itself. As a microcosm of the divided psyche that plagued the national body as a whole, the individual minds of Poe’s narrators in short stories suchRead MoreThe Raven A Man By Edgar Allan Poe1737 Words   |  7 Pageswithin the passage of writing. There are many thing that happen in the story that doesn’t happen in everyday life. For example in the poem The Raven a man is talking to a raven, this is persona faction at its finest. There are often psychopathology themes or ideas within the writing whether it be a story or poem .There are many mysterious things that happened in the Romanticism and there were two men that were well known for it and are used as models when to comes to writing, those men are NathanialRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Imp Of The Perverse 1629 Words   |  7 PagesO’Brien LTEN 176 November 8 2017 The Imp of the Perverse American writer and critique Edgar Allan Poe is very well known for his gothic tales of mystery, suspense, and horror. While his impressive collection of work carry thrilling themes of fear, death, and tragedy, Poe’s work goes beyond the purpose of literary entertainment and revealing his own inner demons. His writing may be heavily influenced by his own dark and tragic experiences and losses, but it also reveals unique characteristics ofRead More Edgar Allan Poe Essay1718 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was a 19th century American poet, author, and critic. Poe is often described as a rebel against society and art-for-arts sake supporter who experimented in making his poems without didacticism and devoid of any meaning, but he is also respected as a genius in terms of his commitment to art and his ability to experiment with various forms of expressions (Fromm 304). In my opinion, Poe was not a rebel because he remained true to himself. Although he was influenced by tra ditional artistsRead More Comparing and Contrasting Self-Awareness in the Works of Emerson, Whitman and Poe2170 Words   |  9 PagesDefining Self-Awareness in the works of Emerson, Whitman and Poe Literature in the American Renaissance influenced the Romantic sentiment that prevailed during this period: the emergence of the individual. This materialization evolved out of the Age of Reason, when the question of using reason (a conscious state) or faith (an unconscious state) as a basis for establishing a set of beliefs divided people into secular and non-secular groups. Reacting to the generally submissive attitudes predominantRead MoreSymbolism, Imagery, and Theme Compared Through the Stories â€Å"the Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"the Scarlet Ibis†1035 Words   |  5 PagesScarlet Ibis† In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† dark symbols and tones shape the plot, which allows man’s inhumanity to man, as a theme, to be expected. Both authors use imagery to allow readers to paint a picture of each setting in their mind. Also, each author adds in many symbols to make a concrete object into an abstract idea. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe and â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† written by James Hurst symbols, imagery, and the theme of man’s inhumanityRead MoreThe Black Cat And The Tell Tale3559 Words   |  15 Pagesstories and poems, Edgar Allan Poe revitalized American literature. He was a main author in the nineteenth century during the movement of European literature. He is recognized as one of the leading progenitors of modern literature, in both horror and mystery fiction, and in its more complex and self-conscious form, which represent the essential artistic manner of the twenty century. He investigated the profound corners of the mind and its consciousness, with the abnormalities of his narrators. I will

Cartoon Interp Free Essays

Cartoon Interpretation. A. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Cartoon Interp or any similar topic only for you Order Now The person in the cartoon is, Woodrow Wilson (president of America. ) 2. The name of the bubble is, League of Nations. 3. The bubble shows that Woodrow Wilson was an idealistic person, but like most bubble, it will probably burst. 4. The cartoon is critical. This is because he is an idealistic person, and he wants to have peace amongst the nations, but in reality the bubble will burst and this will not be the case. B. 1. The country represented by the horse is Germany. 2. The countries represented by Briand and Lloyd-George are Britain and France. . The part of the Treaty of Versailles the cartoon is commenting on is the settlement. The large load represents the settlement the country had decided for Germany. The horse being lifted up represents Germanys inability to move as there are too many re-payments on there shoulders. 4. The comment the cartoon is making about the aspect of the treaty is that Germany should be carrying less of a burden in order for them to pay back the settle ment. The man with the whip is France. France wanted Germany to pay back for all the French land and lives destroyed. The man with the shovel is British He doesn’t want the Germans to be treated as harsh as the French wanted. C. 1. The ‘Tiger’ is Clemenceay of France. 2. The two other figures in the cartoon are, Woodrow Wilson and Lloyd George. 3. The child has just seen the peace treaty. 4. The child represents Germany. 5. The title of the cartoon was ‘Peace and Future Cannon Fodder. ’ It became one of the most prophetic cartoons because it was given this name and was believed that all the Treaty of Versailles did was set up the future generations of the world to be nothing more than â€Å"Cannon Fodder† (solders treated as expendable in battle. It also tells us that there is peace now but will be war in the future. The person who drew the cartoon does not agree with the terms set on the Treaty of Versailles as he predicts that the present peace will stir up anger in the Germans and eventually lead to war. D. One of the weaknesses between these two cartoons c ould be that they are very similar in opinion that the terms of the Treaty of Versailles are much too harsh on the Germans. How to cite Cartoon Interp, Papers

The companies supplying electricity to California Essay Example For Students

The companies supplying electricity to California Essay failed to provide enoughaffordable power to the states utilities to meet the demands of customers.The reason for this is strongly disputed. One thing is certain, unscheduledoutages at power plants supplying Californias electricity has highlyincreased since deregulation. Owners of the plants now face allegationsthat they intentionally engineered shutdowns in order to squeeze the supplyand drive up wholesale prices. State regulation of utilities has been inplace since the early 20th century to protect consumers from the capital-intensive monopolies that owned power plants and transmission lines. Underthe old system, still in effect in most states, regulation means guaranteedprofits for utilities but also stable prices for consumers and a reliablesupply of electricity. In exchange for allowing utilities to operate asmonopolies, states set the price they can charge consumers. Beginning inthe early 1990s, large industrial users of electricity began clamoring forderegulation so they could shop for cheaper prices outside their ownutilitys coverage area.

Proyekto sa Filipino 2 free essay sample

Laguna province is a popular tourist destination in the Philippines. It is home to both natural and man-made attractions such as Pagsanjan Falls, Mount Makiling, Lake Caliraya, Enchanted Kingdom, Splash Island and many others. Lake Caliraya Interestingly, Lake Caliraya in Laguna is a man-made lake situated in three towns Lumban, Cavinti and Kalayaan. The cool mountain breeze of the Sierra Madre mountain and the deep waters of the lake combine to make Caliraya an excellent place for various water activities such as boating, jetskiing, water skiing, and windsurfing. Japanese Garden The Japanese Garden, located along Lake Caliraya in Cavinti, Laguna, is a memorial park built by the Japanese government in the 1970s in order to commemorate the Japanese soldiers who died during the Second World War. Tourists and guests can take leisurely strolls among its gardens and appreciate the amazing scenery of Lake Caliraya and the Sierra Madre mountain range. Rizal Shrine The Jose Rizal Shrine in Calamba, Laguna, the birthplace of the Philippines national hero, is one of the most frequented historical and tourist sites in Laguna. We will write a custom essay sample on Proyekto sa Filipino 2 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An average of 270,000 tourists visit this shrine annually. According to the National Historical Institute (NHI), It was in that house that the boy (Jose Rizal) was shaped and molded and who would become the finest expression of his race. Splash Island Splash Island in Binan, Laguna is the largest water park in the Philippines. It has large water slides and rides for everybodys fun and amusement. Be prepared for an exciting day as you explore the parks various slides in various sizes and angles. Enchanted Kingdom Enchanted Kingdom (EK) in Santa Rosa, Laguna is the countrys first and only world-class theme park. Enchanted Kingdom was recently cited by the government of Laguna for generating the biggest tourist arrivals in 2008. Thats no wonder since kids and adults alike are especially thrilled to ride the various attractions that the park and recreation center has to offer. Mount Makiling Mount Makiling in Laguna is a legendary mountain named after its mystical dweller and protector Maria Makiling. In fact, Mount Makiling is an inactive volcano. The mountain is ideal for hiking, camping, trekking, mountain biking, and bird watching. Makiling Botanical Garden The Makiling Botanical Garden in Los Banos, Laguna was established primarily to support professional instruction and research related to forestry and plant sciences of the University of the Philippines Los Banos (UPLB)-College of Forestry and Natural Resources (CFNR). It was also designated as a tourist destination and as educational and recreational facility for the general public since 1965. National Arts Center The National Arts Center (NAC) situated in Mt. Makiling, Los Banos, Laguna is a center for aspiring young artists. The Philippine High School for the Arts (PHSA), a boarding school for artistically gifted Filipino secondary school students, is located here. For tourists, the NAC serves as the lookout point to Laguna de Bay, Talim Island, Crocodile Lake, and the surrounding towns of Laguna. Pila Heritage Site In Pila, Laguna, rows of old houses (Spanish era houses and houses built in the early 1900s) and ancient trees dot the town center or plaza, where the grand church San Antonio de Padua (built in the 1800s) is also located. Pila, Laguna was declared by the National Historical Institute as a national historical landmark and the Pila Heritage Site is preserved and protected by the NHI. Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery The Nagcarlan Undergroun Cemetery in Laguna is a burial site located inside, or more accurately, beneath a church. It is the only one of its kind in the Philippines. The cemetery is considered a national historical landmark because its underground crypt was used as a secret meeting place in 1896 by Filipino revolutionaries or Katipuneros. Pagsanjan Falls Pagsanjan Falls is probably the most famous natural attraction in Laguna. Pagsanjan, Laguna is the jump-off point to Pagsanjan Falls. You may rent a banca or small boat to take you to the falls or shoot the rapids. Skilled and accredited boatmen will take you on a scenic boat ride at Magdapio River in order to reach the main falls. Center for Philippine Raptors The Center for Philippine Raptors in Laguna was previously located inside the Makiling Botanic Gardens (MBG) at Forestry, University of the Philippines Los Banos. It featured Philippine birds of prey such as the majestic Philippine Eagle, hawk eagle, Philippine kestrel, serpent eagle, etc. However, the center has been closed since September 2009.

Tragedies and Tearjerkers - Top Ten Saddest Plays

Tragedies and Tearjerkers - Top Ten Saddest Plays The following list is a continuation of the Top Ten Saddest Plays Ever Written. You can read the entries #10 through #6 by checking out the beginning of the list. #5 - Medea Heres how Ancient History expert N. S. Gill describes the basic plot of Euripides Greek tragedy: Medea is a witch. Jason knows this, as do Creon and Glauce, but Medea seemed appeased, so when she presents a wedding gift to Glauce of a dress and crown, Glauce accepts them. The theme is familiar from the death of Hercules. When Glauce puts on the robe it burns her flesh. Unlike Hercules, she dies. Creon dies, too, trying to help his daughter. So far the motives and reactions seem understandable, but then Medea does the unspeakable. In the gruesome tragedy Medea, the title character, murders her own children. However, before she can be punished, Helios sun chariot swoops down and she flies off into the sky. So in a sense, the playwright creates a double tragedy. The audience witnesses a tragic act, and subsequently witnesses the escape of the perpetrator. The murderer does not get her comeuppance, thereby infuriating the audience all the more. #4 - The Laramie Project The most tragic aspect of this play is that it is based upon a true story. The Laramie Project is a documentary-styled play that analyzes the death of Matthew Shepard, an openly gay college student who was brutally murdered because of his sexual identity. The play was created by playwright/director Moisà ©s Kaufman and members of the Tectonic Theater Project. The theater group traveled from New York to the town of Laramie, Wyoming - just four weeks after the death of Shepard. Once there, they interviewed dozens of townspeople, collecting a wide array of different perspectives. The dialogue and monologues which comprise The Laramie Project are taken from interviews, news reports, courtroom transcripts, and journal entries. Kaufmann and his team of activists turned their journey into a theatrical experiment that is as innovative as it is heart wrenching. Learn more about this play. #3 - Long Days Journey into Night Unlike the other dramas mentioned on the list, no character dies during the course of the play. Yet, the family in Eugene ONeills Long Days Journey into Night is in a state of constant mourning, lamenting lost happiness as they reflect upon how their lives could have been. We can tell within the first few exchanges of Act One, this family has grown accustomed to harsh criticism as default form of communication. Disappointment runs deep, and although the father spends a great deal of time and energy complaining about his sons failures, at times the young men are their own harshest critics. Read more about Eugene ONeills dramatic masterpiece. #2 - King Lear Every line of iambic pentameter in Shakespeares tale of an abused old king is so depressing and brutal that theater producers in the Victorian Age would allow substantial changes to the plays ending in order to give audiences something slightly more upbeat. Throughout this classic drama, the audience wants to simultaneously slap and embrace King Lear. You want to smack him because he is too stubborn to acknowledge the ones who truly love him. And you want to hug him because he is so misguided and so easily fooled, he allows the evil characters to take advantage of him then abandon him to the storm. Why does it rank so high on my list of tragedies? Perhaps its simply because I am a father, and I cant imagine my daughters sending me out into the cold. (Fingers crossed they are kind to me in my old age!) #1 - Bent This play by Martin Sherman may not be as widely read as the other tragedies previously mentioned, but because of its intense, realistic depiction of concentration camps, execution, anti-Semitism, and homophobia it deserves the highest place among the saddest plays in dramatic literature. Martin Shermans play is set in mid 1930s Germany, and centers around Max, a young gay man who is sent to a concentration camp. He pretends to be Jewish believing that he wont be persecuted as much as the homosexuals in the camp. Max undergoes extreme hardship and witnesses obscene horrors. And yet amid the abject cruelty he is still able to meet someone kind, a fellow prisoner with whom he falls in love. In spite all the barrage of hatred, torture, and indignity, the main characters are still able to mentally transcend their nightmarish surroundings at least for as long as they are together.

How do you envision the city of the future Scholarship Essay

How do you envision the city of the future - Scholarship Essay Example This stress and strain is because of a surge in the population of the current cities that has been experienced over the past two decades. About 70% of the public amenities that are currently being used were budgeted and planned for far less populations that they are currently handling. I envision that a city of the future will have architectural structures and designs that will be spacious enough to accommodate populations without feeling the need of expansion. This includes improved road networks and other modes of transport. These buildings and amenities for the future should be built using designs that aim at sustaining and conserving the environment. This is by having enough supply of efficient and clean energy. Building designs should see to it that natural light and natural ventilation is adapted to the fullest so as to eliminate over dependence on electricity. This will cut down immensely the electricity bills as a result water towers and catchment areas will be restored and reserved. Electricity used in these buildings should be generated from greener technologies such as wind and solar energy (Davis, 2009). The material used in constructing these buildings should also be environment friendly ad should include recycled material. This will stop the constructors from going back to destroy natural habitat. Another expectation of the city of the future is minimal if not total elimination of the use of fossil fuels. This can only be achieved by adopting technologies that avoid carbon emission as their waste. One such technology that I envisage is the complete adoption of electricity powered vehicles. Automobiles contribute immensely to the emission of carbon to the atmosphere. By cutting down on these emissions, the atmosphere will be very clean and hence the quality of the air will be more healthy for human beings and

Ozone Depletion Regime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Ozone Depletion Regime - Essay Example According to them, when the compound Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) reaches the atmosphere, it can be broken down by ultraviolet radiation which in turn would result to a release of chlorine atoms. The chlorine atoms would then destroy large amounts of ozone molecules (O3), aggregately called as the ozone layer. Molina and Rowland further contended that since ozone layer absorbs most of the ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation from the sun, the depletion of the ozone layer would have dangerous health, environmental and economical implications. The study, which was published on the journal Nature on June 28, 1974, paved way to further studies of the subject and in 1976, the National Academy of Sciences finally confirmed the Rowland- Molina hypothesis. By early 1980's some countries, including the United States and Canada are already exerting their efforts to mitigate the use of the CFC including imposing ban on the non- essential uses of the compound. National efforts however are not enough in that the utilization of ozone depleting chemicals is on a global scale, and it entails a global effort to reduce the use of the ozone depleting substances. To attain this objective, an agreed international effort became necessary. In 1981, The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), acted on behalf of a proposal to conduct a global convention on the issue. There was a long deadlock as to the international negotiations to phase out ozone-depleting substances because of such issues as the lack of understanding about the extent of the threat and the presumed unavailability of a technological capacity to respond to the challenge (The Montreal Protocol: History 2001). Finally in March 1985, the Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer was signed. The Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer, though reflects international agreements to address the ozone depletion issue, does not contain legally binding control to reduce production and consumption of ozone depleting substances. A need for stronger measures is deemed necessary especially with the advent of reports of an ozone hole over Antarctica and a generated public fear of a possible ozone effected global disaster. Thus resulted th e Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, "the first concrete international measure to control ozone-depleting chemicals" (Parson 2001). The Objectives of the Regime The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer has a generally broad objective in that it merely requires its parties to "take appropriate measures" to protect "human health and the environment from ozone depletion". The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer moved on further from these general goals by imposing stricter measures and by specifying concrete objectives of limiting and regulating the use of the ozone depleting substances. The initial objectives of the Montreal Prot

DNA Evidence and Procedures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DNA Evidence and Procedures - Essay Example Though DNA is used by the body to create the physical characteristics of hair color, eye color, and height, it can only be used to match a suspect to a sample and can not determine their physical characteristics. Advances in DNA technology have revolutionized forensic science since its introduction in the mid 1980s. It is used to bring evidence against a suspect as well as exonerate innocent people. As investigators, law enforcement is generally concerned with a few key issues with respect to DNA evidence These issue involve maintaining the integrity of the evidence and the credibility of its evidentiary value. These are: The crime scene is the first line of defense in maintaining credible DNA evidence. To minimize the possibility of contamination the incidental activity must be reduced at the crime scene. Only critical personnel should have any initial access until all samples are collected. According to the President's DNA Initiative (2007), "It is important for all law enforcement personnel at the crime scene to make a conscious effort to refrain from smoking, eating, drinking, littering or any other actions which could compromise the crime scene". In addition, it is suggested that all first responders be trained in DNA collection and preservation techniques. Investigators must tediously search for small amounts of DNA evidence available at the scene. This may be small blood spatters, hair, skin tissue evidence found under fingernails, and clothing that contains body fluids. Suspects may be swabbed for saliva or DNA may be obtained from an object they have contacted. In the case of rape or sexual assault, the Department of Justice guidelines dictate that, "...evidence that may be inside or on a victim's body should only be collected by a physician or sexual assault nurse examiner" (Understanding DNA evidence, 2007). Initial contact with an assault victim should stress the importance of not changing clothes or showering before evidence can be collected. Evidence needs to be clearly labeled and identified as to where and when it was collected in a manner that will maintain a proper chain of custody. Samples should be kept dry and need be sealed to prevent contamination and stored at room temperature to prevent degradation (President's DNA Initiative, 2007). The National Institute of Justice mandates that evidence that may contain DNA should not be placed in plastic bags as plastic retains moisture which could damage and degrade the DNA sample (What every law enforcement officer should know about DNA, 1999). Direct sunlight and heat can also damage samples and it is recommended that the sample be transported as quickly as reasonable to an appropriate storage area. It is recommended that long-term storage be maintained only by a qualified facility or laboratory. In the 2003 Summit Report, the National Institute of Justice warned, "If law enforcement officers, medical personnel, and crime lab technicians are not trained to recognize, collect, preserve, transport, and store DNA evidence, then its use may be compromised or even invalidated". Maintaining the integrity of the DNA evidence is vital if it is to have any value in the courtroom. Contamination is the greatest threat to the usability of DNA evidence. DNA evidence runs the risk of being contaminated when DNA from

Management Of Minor Injuries

Management Of Minor Injuries Introduction: As part of this minor injuries course we have been asked to provide a 3000 word assignment utilising a case method as means of researching a patient scenario we experienced during clinical practise. Case study method enables a researcher to investigate an individual and evaluate these findings and relate this evidence to clinical practice ( REFERENCE 1) Case studies are also often subjective and based around a personal experience or memorable patient (REFERENCE 2), whilst identified by (REFERENCE 3) that these case studies do not provide a great amount of empirical and statistical evidence, (REFERENCE 4) highlights that case study methods stimulate critical thinking and help practitioners apply theory to clinical practice. For this case study I have chosen a patient who I treated for an Achilles tendon rupture. This assignment will aim to document the assessment of a patient in the acute stage of injury discuss the initial management of the injury discuss the treatment plans available conclude how this case study has impacted on my clinical practise The Achilles tendon is given its name by Greek hero Achilles as the largest and strongest tendon within the human body, Patel and Haddad (2006). It connects the calf muscle (gastrocnemius) to the heel bone (calcaneus) and is located below the skin at the back of the ankle.(reference needed) As the calf muscle contracts it provides it enables the foot to be pointed downwards (plantarflexion) It is this action that enables us to walk, run, jump and to stand on our toes.(reference needed) Despite great forces applied through this tendon it is vulnerable due to its limited blood supply, the least vascularised area being 2 to 6 cm above the calcaneum. This diminished blood supply predisposes this region to chronic tendonitis and potential rupture. (reference 5) Kerr (2005) suggests three main attributing factors are leading to an increase in rupture. Increased sedentary lifestyle Rising popularity of recreational sports especially in older men An increasing proportion of people are overweight 75% of Achilles injuries occur during sporting activities, and research indicates this is occurring with patients who describe themselves as novice or beginners (Josza et al, 1989). As ENPs it is important that we are able to differentiate between an acute tendon injury and other complaints i.e. gastrocnemius tears in order to treat, advice and refer appropriately. Misdiagnosis or delay in treatment can lead to gait dysfunction and chronic pain. The following case study is a true event of a patient I assessed during my clinical placement. To maintain the patients confidentiality he will be referred to as Mr Smith. CASE STUDY: 68 year old retired gentleman, no drug allergies, no significant past or ongoing medical problems. Mr Smith attended the emergency department at 10.00 and was booked in with a limb problem. I greeted Mr Smith, explained my role as a training Emergency Nurse Practitioner (ENP) and gained consent for his assessment. Mr Smith had been out dancing the previous night and thought he had been kicked in the back of his right lower leg. Since, he had described difficulty walking and not been able to bend his foot as normal. Despite walking tentatively Mr Smith manoeuvred himself onto the examination couch. From his facial expression he appeared comfortable and his pain had been reduced having taken his own paracetamol and ibuprofen. The worst pain had been last night and the patient described an ache this morning. Further analgesia was offered but declined by the patient. Physical examination: This was broken down into 5 key areas described by Guly (2002) Look (inspection) Feel (palpation) Movement Specialist tests Function During our course we have assessed neurovascular function as a separate examination. This will be assessed between movement and specialist tests. Look: Mr Smith was examined in a private cubicle. His trousers removed in order to expose both lower limbs for comparison. Mr Smith had no wounds, no obvious deformity, no erythema /cellulites and no bruising noted. There was noticeable swelling around the base of the calf in the soleus region on the medial aspect of the limb. Both limbs were of equal colour and warmth. No surgical scarring was observed on either limb. Feel: Palpation of lower leg then took place. In accordance with Gully (2002) this should take place from the joint above to the joint below. Palpation started from the knee joint downwards. From the examination of the knee joint no pain over bony land marks was elicited by the patient. The palpation moved distal towards the ankle, no bony tenderness was identified. The ankle was examined for bony tenderness. No tenderness was found at the posterior edge or tip of both the medial and lateral maleolus, the base of the 5th metatarsal or the navicular bone. Using Ottawa ankle rules (Hopkins, 2010) there was no indication to xray the ankle. Mr Smith was then asked to go into the prone position, this enabled a good comparative view of both limbs mainly the gastrocnemius muscles and the Achilles tendons. The gastrocnemius muscle was then palpated; although uncomfortable towards the distal muscle a specific tender point was not identified. The Achilles tendon was then palpated; this gave a specific origin for the pain. There was also bogginess (palpable step) in the lower third of the Achilles. Although a step was palpable Kerr (2005) indentified that not all ruptures have a palpable step, the cause of this unknown. Movement: Ankle movements were examined both active and passive. Mr Smith had good active dorsi flexion and normal plantar flexion of both ankles. However when examined with passive resistance there was a marked deficit on his right ankle. Sterling (2001) highlighted that even though normal range of motion is witnessed during active movement it is essential passive movement is carried out, and assumptions should not be made to the integrity of the Achilles tendon. Both medial and lateral ligaments were stressed with no laxity and good end feel. Finally an anterior draw test was performed, the ankle was stable. Neurovascular status: Mr Smith had normal sensation of his first web space, dorsum of foot and anterior and lateral aspect of lower leg. Mr Smith was able to dorsiflex and had normal toe plantar mechanism. Pedal pulse was also present. Specialist tests: Mr Smith was then asked to kneel onto the trolley and support himself using the wall. A Thompson- Simmons (calf squeeze) test was then performed. At this time Mr Smith had no plantar flexion movement. Johnson and Morelli (2001) details this is highly suggestive of a ruptured Achilles tendon. Prior to undertaking this assignment I was not aware of any other specialist tests other than ultrasound. These shall be discussed later. Function: Guly (2002) states the examination of a joint should include its functionality. Mr Smith was then asked to perform a calf heel raise (stand on tip-toes). He was unable to perform this task. Sterling et al (2001) summarised that a patient whose other plantar flexors are still functioning will not be able to perform this task if their Achilles is ruptured. Treatment: Mr Smith was diagnosed and treated as an Achilles tendon rupture. He was placed in an equinas cast and was given crutches to mobilise with, which he did very well. A referral was then made to our fracture clinic where he would be followed up with the orthopaedic team. Take home analgesia was offered but declined by the patient. Mr Smith asked about the long term plan of action, would he need surgery to repair his tendon. I answered honestly and stated I didnt know but endeavoured to find out from one of my colleagues. It was this lack of follow on care knowledge that has been one of the focuses for this case study. Having an extended knowledge base would further enable a holistic approach to care not only in the acute care environment but to also provide accurate information about the care the patient should expect to receive. This sharing of knowledge will hopefully enable the patient to make an informed choice about how they would like to proceed. The follow on from acut e injury to referral to fracture clinic is currently within 3 days. The patient will be presented if suitable with two options; surgical repair or conservative management. From reviewing the literature contributing towards this assignment it is clear the orthopaedic world is divided over these two strategies of care. However the common goal summarised by Patel and Haddad (2006) is a restoration of the normal length and tension of the Achilles tendon, allowing patients to regain their functional and desired level of activity. Fotiadis et al (2007) supports this and further discusses the importance of restoring length as this will preserve strength of the gastrocnemius and the soleus muscles, again improving functionality. Surgical repair: the procedure involves making a longitudinal incision on the medial aspect of the Achilles tendon. Normally the incision is between 8 and 10cm, the ends of the tendon are then sewn together using non-absorbable suture. Two types of stitch are favoured, Krackow or Bunnell. (see appendix A) Kerr (2005) highlights the advantages of surgical repair as Increased strength Reduced calf atrophy Less likely hood of re-rupture Faster return to sporting activities. However with any invasive procedure there will be a risk off Deep wound infection Deep vein thrombosis Delayed wound healing Scar adhesions Hyperesthesia or numbness of the skin After surgery the limb is immobilised with an equinas plaster or brace for between 6 to 8 weeks followed by physiotherapy. Non Surgical Management: Johnson and Morelli (2001) outlines that conservative management involves the patient being placed initially in an equinas cast. The immobilisation of the ankle plantar flexed between 40ÂÂ ° and 60ÂÂ ° enables the tendon to be stress free promoting the unification of the partial tear or rupture tendon. Having discussed the current treatment guidelines with my orthopaedic colleagues at the hospital the patient would be expected to return to fracture twice over a 6 week period. This would be to have a new POP each time and gradually have the degree of plantar flexion increased. The patient would remain on crutches, non weight bearing on the affected limb, to reduce the potential stress placed on the tendon. Having presented the case study and outlined initial management and expected follow up care, I would now like to introduce new methods of assessing for Achilles tendon rupture as stated on page 3. Matles Test: The patient is laid in the prone position with knees flexed at 90ÂÂ °. Both feet and ankles are observed for plantar flexion. The diagram below indicates the there is an increase in dorsi-flexion on the injured limb (right) Source: foot and ankle hyperbook (2011) The OBrien test: the patient lies in the prone position knees flexed at 90ÂÂ °. A small gauge needle is then inserted 10cm form the superior border of the calcaneus into the Achilles tendon. Passive dorsiflexion and plantar flexion movements are applied; absence of movement indicates a potential rupture. The Copeland test: the patient is laid in prone position with knees flexed at 90ÂÂ °. A sphygmomanometer is placed around the bulk of the calf and the pressure raised to 100mmHg with the ankle plantar flexed. When the ankle is dorsiflexed, in a non- injured Achilles tendon, pressure increases to 140mmHg. Where the Achilles is ruptured the pressure remains the same (Sterling et al, 2000). Other specialist diagnostic procedures can be performed i.e. ultrasound or MRI. These have been highlighted by Patel and Haddad (2006) as more accurate at detecting partial tears. Ultrasound is operator dependent and requires an experienced technician and radiologist and MRI carries a high cost and limited clinical value of what has already been diagnosed clinically. Differential diagnosis: During the initial history taking it is paramount an accurate detail history is taken leading up to the events. Majewski et al(2008) outlines 44% of Achilles injuries are misdiagnosed as ankle sprains or gastrocnemius injuries and advocates the use of the two specialists test previously identified; the calf squeeze test and the Maltes test. Majewski et al (2008) concludes along with proficient palpation of the Achilles tendon two positive tests is good evidence of a rupture. However reinforces the need for sonography (ultra-sound) to differentiate between partial and full tears. As ENPs we are usually the first clinician patients see with an acute injury. We have a vital role in demonstrating accurate history taking, assessment, treatment and referral to the appropriate speciality. Despite the patient having an injury it is important that we can provide the patient with accurate education and health promotion advice. It is recognised within our department that weekends have a high increase is sporting injuries who attend the emergency department. The main sports are rugby league and football. We have a great opportunity to impart knowledge to patients with injuries in order to hopefully reduce the incidence of new or re-occurring injury. In relation to Achilles injury or Achilles tendonitis Walker (2005) promotes warm up techniques, the benefits include: Increased blood flow to working muscles Increased range of movements Improved speed of contraction Increased temperature and hence increased elasticity Improved oxygen saturation As previously identified there is reduced vascularisation to part of the tendon, Henry et al (1986) concludes that warming up increases the flexibility of the joint involved and best results occur from static stretching. Another important factor to advice patients about is footwear. If possible hard backs of shoes should be padded as identified by Milroy (1994) these areas nudge the Achilles, often at the site of injury and wherever possible heels should be slightly raised to shorten the Achilles resulting in less injury from sudden lengthening. It is this information that I will be now documenting i.e. did they warm up prior to exercise and also conveying this to patients in order to reduce further injuries. Conclusion: As identified there is an increase in Achilles tendon rupture injuries hence more people will be attending the Emergency Department through direct referral from General practitioners and Walk in Centres/ Minor injuries units or from self presentation. From reviewing literature it is evident there is a significant number of misdiagnosis occurring around the area of injured Achilles tendons. Despite Mr Smiths diagnosis seeming straightforward I now have a greater appreciation of differential diagnosis and the effects misdiagnosis or delay in treatment can have on the short an

Theme of the Creator in William Blakes The Lamb and The Tiger :: essays research papers

A Creator of Innocence and Terror? Could there be a creator that has the audacity to create one creature so pure, gentle, and innocent then, in turn, create another creature of a hideous nature, so terrifying that one could be driven to insanity just by thinking upon it? In William Blake’s poems â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger† he describes such a creator as this. The reader will find that there are several similarities between the two poems, but in these similarities there are also various differences. In William Blake’s poem â€Å"The Lamb† the speaker begins with the ultimate question, â€Å"Little Lamb, who made thee?/ Dost though know who made thee?/† (Blake lines 1-2). The speaker then continues to elaborate on the question in a playful, innocent, singsong manner describing the kindness and thoughtfulness that the creator put in to producing this ever so gentle lamb. The tone of this poem is soft and lulling, the tender, calm rhyme scheme puts the reader in a soothing, dreamlike state. â€Å"The words and images presented - stream, mead, delight, softest, tender and rejoice - are positive and pastoral. One can picture a lamb frolicking in the green grass†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Smith). In the second stanza the speaker restates the question, then proudly the speaker declares, â€Å"Little Lamb I’ll tell thee,/ Little Lamb I’ll tell thee!/† (Blake lines 11-12). Allusions to Christianity blossom in the poem at this point as the speaker states that the creator of this lamb is called by the same name. In Christianity, Jesus Christ is referred to as the lamb of God and/or the Sheppard, His followers are also referred to as His flock. The speaker then proceeds to state that he and the lamb are one and the same, ending the poem with â€Å"Little Lamb God bless thee./ Little Lamb God bless thee./(Blake lines 19-20) this invokes reassurance in the reader. William Blake’s poem â€Å"The Tyger† also asks the ultimate question â€Å"What immortal hand or eye/ Could frame thy fearful symmetry?/† (Blake lines 3-4). The tone of this poem is more of a horrific nature. The speaker seems as if he is trying to escape this horrendous beast, the reader can almost feel the panic and terror that the speaker seems to be going through. â€Å"Blake creates this effect by drawing on several poetic devices†(Furr). The first of these is trochaic meter, which gives the poem an underlying beat or chant like quality.

Cot Essay Silk Road

Between the years of 200 BCE and 1450 CE, the Silk Road went through a number of changes. With the rise and success of the ancient empires the trade route thrived and was the main trade route connecting the Mediterranean to China. As the empires collapsed so did the use of the Silk Road as it became unprotected and unsafe for use. With the Mongol empire in 1200 CE the Silk Road had a temporary revival, but when the Mongolian Empire collapsed the use of Silk Road did as a permanent switch to the Indian Ocean Network was made.Around 200 BCE the Roman, Han and Gupta empires were established and expanded. The Silk Road began in the East in Changan, went through Mongolia and Turkestan, then through the Takalamakan Desert. It then expanded southeast to India or central Asia and then Eastern through the Roman Empire. Trade routes were traveled in stages from city to city through the empires. The invention of the camel saddle made it easier for merchants to transport their goods with efficie ncy. Heavy use of the Silk Road began in 300 BCE as goods were traded and ideas were spread.Silk, cotton, spices, pearls, ivory and coral were traded east to west along the Silk Road. Glassware, bronze, linen, and olive oil were traded East to West. Ideas such as Buddhism moved along this route as well as the spread of disease such as smallpox and the plague. Diseases were one of the many reasons of the fall of the ancient empires. At the collapse of these empires around 600 CE the Silk Road was left unprotected and many merchants ventured from the Silk Road.With the invention of new navigational technology such as fore-and-aft rigging, the dhow and the junk many merchants went to the Indian Ocean Network. Around 1200 CE the Mongolian Empire came to power. Through conquest they came to control most of Asia and their armies protected the overland trade routes. This led to a temporary revival of the Silk Road. When the Mongolian empire collapsed around 1400 the Silk Road was left unpr otected once again. With the invention of the astrolabe, compass and improved cartography a permanent switch was made to the Indian Ocean Route.Between the years of 200 BCE and 1450 CE, the Silk Road went through a number of changes. With the rise and success of the ancient empires the trade route thrived and was the main trade route connecting the Mediterranean to China. As the empires collapsed so did the use of the Silk Road as it became unprotected and unsafe for use. With the Mongol empire in 1200 CE the Silk Road had a temporary revival, but when the Mongolian Empire collapsed the use of Silk Road did as a permanent switch to the Indian Ocean Network was made.

Lg Rural Marketing

LG India—Approach To Rural Markets Summary From the few years, consumer electronic manufactures have started focusing on the rural markets for their growth and expansion. The major reasons include saturation of urban growth rate and increased contribution and higher growth rate in markets. Increase in disposable incomes due to good agricultural output, increase in easy financial options by banks and financial institutions, increased media penetration and electrification of rural areas are influencing the growth of marketing in rural areas.In this light situation, India’s learning consumer electronics manufacturer LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd. (LGEIL) began concentrating on rural marketing. To mark its presence and to increase sales, LGEIL designed a different marketing strategy for rural areas. It made changes in its products to suit needs of rural customers. For example, LG removed ‘golden eye’ technology in models sold in rural market. Keeping in mind ab out the rural customers, LG carried out campaigns in various regional channels like Lashkara, Alpha Punjabi, and Gujarati.LGEIL adopted a unique distribution strategy for rural markets to increase its presence and sale of its other products. The company designed a pyramidal sales structure by decentralizing its distributing network. The company fragmented the distribution network with branch offices operating from big cities and many Remote Area Officers (RAOs) working under each branch office. These RAOs were further fragmented with Regional Sales Officers (RSOs) working under the supervision of each RAO. By 2005, company had 51 branch offices and 78 RAOs.Each RAO was given charge of the territory with an independent accounts, sales, servicing and marketing team. To assist RAOs in there endeavour; the offices were computerised and connected with branches officers and the corporate office’s ERP system through Very Small Aperture Terminal (V-SAT) and an Intranet network. This enabled the RAOs to have up-to-date data on important aspects such as inventory, payment status of the dealers, etc. The RAOs overseeing the territories were given independent decision-making powers to the extent of developing their own marketing and promotional strategies in their territories.This setup helped the company in not just improving sales but also in penetration deep into the market. The distribution setup also enables the company to establish relationship whit the sub-dealers who are not been contacted by the company representatives. Better servicing of the sub-dealers helped in increasing their sales. But analysts pointed out that such a distribution strategy was not unique and had been many of its competitors. For example Samsung and Electrolux Kelvinator followed the same strategies. Questions for Discussion 1.A company needs to be careful in its approach while taking decisions regarding territory management. Discuss the territory management followed by LGEIL for its rural markets. Answer: Territory management develops and implements a strategy for directing selling activities toward customers in a sales territory aimed at maintaining the lines of communications, improving sales coverage, and minimizing wasted time. It includes the allocation of sales calls to customers and the planning, routing, and scheduling of the calls. LGEIL designed a different marketing strategy for rural areas.It made changes in its products to suit needs of rural customers. Keeping in mind about the rural customers, LG carried out campaigns in various regional channels like Lashkara, Alpha Punjabi, and Gujarati. The company designed a pyramidal sales structure by decentralizing its distributing network. The company fragmented the distribution network with branch offices operating from big cities and many Remote Area Officers (RAOs) working under each branch office. These RAOs were further fragmented with Regional Sales Officers (RSOs) working under the supervision of each RAO.Each RAO was given charge of the territory with an independent accounts, sales, servicing and marketing team. To assist RAOs in there endeavour; the offices were computerised and connected with branches officers and the corporate office’s ERP system through Very Small Aperture Terminal (V-SAT) and an Intranet network. This enabled the RAOs to have up-to-date data on important aspects such as inventory, payment status of the dealers, etc. The RAOs overseeing the territories were given independent decision-making powers to the extent of developing their own marketing and promotional strategies in their territories.This setup helped the company in not just improving sales but also in penetration deep into the market. The distribution setup also enables the company to establish relationship whit the sub-dealers who are not been contacted by the company representatives. Better servicing of the sub-dealers helped in increasing their sales. 2. LGEIL followed a new sales str uctured to market its products in the rural markets, different from the one used in urban market. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of LGEIL’s rural sales structureAnswer: Advantages: – * Better market coverage. * Effective distribution of work load. * Evaluate sales people. * Control on direct and indirect costs. * Optimum utilization of sales time. * Helps manager better control and monitor sales and evaluate programms. Disadvantages: – * Sales achieved through personal relationships * Sale of technical and sophisticated products. * Customers spread over vast geographic area. * Service expectations and product deliveries is at multiple places; so geographic division will not help.

Top 5 Job Searching Trends of 2016

Top 5 Job Searching Trends of 2016 The job market is always tough. But every year you’ll find there are distinct trends that dominate the search process. Here are the top  5 current job searching trends to bear in mind, whether you’re just starting out or looking to make a career change. 1. Hot FieldsIf it has something to do with technical advancement- analytics, mobile networks, healthcare, automation- then chances are it’s an â€Å"it† field. Even if the tech sector at large is maybe slowing it’s growth a tad, these fields are booming. If you’re looking for an industry that will aggressively recruit, those might be your best bet.2. The Relative Unimportance of SchoolCollege is always a good idea- a degree is, in fact, essential in many fields. But it’s not the only important factor in an application. So don’t beat yourself up if you didn’t go to Harvard, or even the fancier of three state schools near you. What matters most is the skill set youâ€℠¢ve acquired- and your commitment to keep learning more. Stay sharp and go after the skills most valuable to employers in your field- even if just through a few online community college classes.3. Talent CommunitiesTalent communities are an interactive discussion forum linking companies, their employees and potential employees, and HR reps. Often this is where you’ll get the specifics you need to target an application or get your biggest questions answered. Try Dice for IT, or Mediabistro for communications. And use your smartphone or tablet for the best functionality.4. AppsWhile we’re on the subject of mobile devices, why not take your job search out into the daylight with you? There are more and more job seeker apps out there, like Switch or Jobr. They won’t do all the work for you, but they’ll help you feel more connected and proactive.5. Working RemotelyOpen yourself up to the possibility of accepting a job in a virtual workforce. Not only does this widen your search geographically speaking, it means you can sometimes work in your pajamas, provided you can show results. More and more companies are considering remote employees; why not get in while the going’s good?The bottom line is: the job market is in constant flux. Keep abreast of the latest trends and try and put your toe in each of them. Adapt to the changing climate. Staying current will also mean you stay competitive.5 Trends for Job Seekers in 2016

Economic Development of China Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 11750 words

Economic Development of China - Dissertation Example Nellis (1999) contends that the effectiveness of privatization in transitional economies depends on the existence of the institutional underpinnings of capitalism. In addition, empirical studies confirm the close relationship between good institutions and economic development (De Long and Shleifer, 1993), Besley, 1995; Knack and Keefer, 1995; Easterly and Levine, 1997, 2003; Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson, 2001). On the other hand, Stiglitz (1999) suggests that using "better management contracts" to make state-share holders act like private owners is a better choice in the absence of those institutional underpinnings, a path which has been followed by the Chinese government in the past two decades. As noted in World Bank (1997) report, "most other countries in transition have turned to systemic, widespread privatization of state owned enterprises" (SOEs). In China, the state or its agents, carry out 'shareholder' functions performed by private owners in market economic systems." Retaining a large portion of state-owned shares in listed companies1, the Chinese government delegates different types of state-share holders to control these state-owned shares. This thesis attempts to examine the governance role of different types of state-share holders in China's listed companies. China's transition from a central-planned economy to a market-oriented one is special and unique. Chinese government creates its own path of transition rather than just using a "blueprint" or "recipe" from western advisors. Chinese government has been always attempting to privatize its state-owned assets gradually rather than a "big bang" like that undertaken by Russia... The interpretation of the results of this study is subject to four limitations. First, the classification of state-share holders based on their names is not good enough to distinguish GA shareholders and corporate state-share holders perfectly. For example, most state assets operating companies use the name of "State Assets Operating Company", such as "Jiangsu State Assets Operating Company". But some operating companies, which should be classified as GA shareholders, could use other names and then are classified as corporate state-share holders in this study. Second, corporate state-share holders could have more incentives and means to manage earnings to improve performance through related-party transactions than GA shareholders because they are holding companies (Jian (2003)). In this study, the potential earnings management through non-operating activities found in Chen and Yuan (2002), such as sales of fixed assets, has been controlled but the earnings management through related-party transactions cannot be controlled. This study also suggests several avenues for future research. While the benefit of corporate state-share holders has been documented in this study, the cost of them (such as insider control problems) cannot be ignored and remains an open question. More theoretical work is needed to understand the benefit and cost of different types of state-share holders. Another potential area of research is to investigate their incentives to manage earnings for different types of state-share holders.

Profissonal development and communication skills in english Coursework

Profissonal development and communication skills in english - Coursework Example In this formula; b is the peak induction, f is magnetsing frequency, A is the cross sectional area of the sample and n is the number of turns of the search coil around this sample. In order to evaluate the Curie temperature, a sample of the sheet metal is placed in an insulated temperature controlled furnace, which is then heated above its curie point. The sample is then let cool using a low frequency 10hz magnetic field. Curie temperature is established by measuring magnetic induction and induction-temperature. The experiment was conducted using the following materials: a furnace tube, a solenoid tube, a secondary tube, two identical search coils and a sample sheet. The arrangement of above materials is illustrated in Figure 1. The search coils were wound around a smaller tube, which was inserted inside another longer and larger tube in a way that the axes of both tubes aligned together. The solenoid was wound around the larger tube. The entire construction was then inserted inside the furnace tube. The furnace was heated approximately to 840 C; because of it, the solenoid and the search coil also got heated to the same temperature. The steel sample was then inserted into one of the two search coils as shown in the figure 1. After a period, the sample, solenoid and the furnace reached the same temperature. The furnace was switched off, and the solenoid was switched on once the entire system reached the temperature equilibrium. The sample was then allowed to cool unforced. The experiment used 30 x 28 mm steel samples of various thickness; cross-sectional areas of the samples are shown in the attached table. The use of two identical search coils in series connection eliminated air flux induction, thus ensuring that the induced EMF was caused by the sample magnetisation alone from an uniform magnetic field produced by the solenoid. The solenoid used a sinusoidal time varying magnetic field; the strength of it